Ese guhanga udushya mu bicuruzwa si ingenzi?

Mu myaka ibiri ishize, ibiganiro ku bitekerezo by'ibicuruzwa mu nama zikomeye z'inganda ntibyagaragaye neza ku maso. Abayobozi b'ibicuruzwa bakunda kuvuga mu buryo bufatika ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bw'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo ibikoresho fatizo byihariye aho kuvuga ku buryo bwo guhanga udushya.
Mu cyumweru gishize, rwiyemezamirimo w’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa yanditse kuri Twitter ko yahagaritse ikigo cye cyo gukora ibicuruzwa, yandika ati: “Igikenewe cyane muri iki gihe cyo kugira umusaruro si ibitekerezo by’ibicuruzwa, ahubwo ni imbogamizi ku bicuruzwa.”
Rwiyemezamirimo yavuze mu magambo make impamvu zatumye isosiyete inanirwa gukora neza: “Uko igihe cyo gukora neza cyagiye gihita, kongeramo ibitekerezo biragabanuka, kandi kongeramo neza no gupima neza byongera cyane ikiguzi cy’ibicuruzwa. (Amasosiyete y’ubwiza) ntashobora kugera ku isubiramo ryihuse kandi akeneye igihe kirekire cy’ibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushyiraho inzitizi ku bicuruzwa bigoye kwigana, atari ibitekerezo ku bicuruzwa byoroshye kwigana.”
Mu kigo gishinzwe ubwiza, kuvuka k'igicuruzwa gishya bigomba kunyura mu buryo butandukanye nko gukora ibicuruzwa, ubushakashatsi ku isoko, gusesengura ibicuruzwa bihiganwa, gusesengura ibikenewe, gutanga igitekerezo cy'ibicuruzwa, guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, gutegura formula, kugenzura abaguzi, no gukora igerageza. Nk'intangiriro y'ibicuruzwa bishya, kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana gishize kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, igitekerezo cy'igicuruzwa gishobora no kugaragaza intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa kw'ikigo cy'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu ngo.

Hari kandi n'ibintu byinshi nk'ibyo mu bijyanye n'ubwiza bw'umubiri. Mu 2007, Ye Maozhong, ushinzwe iyamamazabikorwa, yatanze igitekerezo cya Baoya cyo kuba umusimbuye w'igisekuru cya mbere cy' "igitekerezo cy'amazi meza", kandi yashyize iki gicuruzwa mu mwanya wa "inzobere mu kuvura amazi menshi". Ubu bufatanye bwashyizeho urufatiro rw'iterambere ryihuse rya Proya mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho.

Mu 2014, hamwe n'inyungu zitandukanye zo "kudakoresha amavuta ya silicone", igipimo cya Seeyoung cyazamutse cyane ku isoko ry'imyenda yo koza no kwita ku bantu ryarushagaho guhangana. Iki kigo cyagiye gikurikirana uburyo bwa buri munsi bwo kubona ikoranabuhanga rya Hunan Satellite TV, gikorana n'umuhanga mu igenamigambi Ye Maozhong mu gufata amashusho y'amatangazo akomeye, cyasinye amasezerano n'icyamamare cyo muri Koreya Song Hye Kyo nk'umuvugizi, kandi cyayamamazaga mu buryo bwuzuye mu matangazo ya televiziyo, mu binyamakuru by'imideli no mu itangazamakuru ryo kuri interineti… Kubwibyo, "Vision Source nta mavuta ya silicone ifite, nta mavuta ya silicone ifite." Igitekerezo cy'"isoko" cyashinze imizi mu mitima y'abantu kandi cyabaye ikirango gikomeye muri iki cyiciro.
Ariko, uko igihe cyagiye gihita, imanza zatsinze nka Proya na Seeyoung zarushijeho kugorana kuzigana. Iminsi ikirango cyashoboraga gukura vuba hamwe n'igitekerezo kimwe cy'igicuruzwa n'intero imwe yararangiye. Muri iki gihe, ibitekerezo byo kwisiga biracyafite agaciro, ariko si ko bimeze, kubera impamvu enye.

Ubwa mbere, ibidukikije byo mu itumanaho bihuriweho ntabwo bikiriho.

Ku bijyanye n'ubwiza, ibitekerezo by'ibicuruzwa bikunze kugaragazwa nk'ibisobanuro byoroheje by'imikorere, bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu itumanaho no kwigisha isoko. Mu gihe cyo gushyira hamwe itangazamakuru, ba nyir'ibicuruzwa bashobora kugera ku bitekerezo by'ibicuruzwa byiza nyuma yo kubona ibitekerezo by'ibicuruzwa byiza, kandi bakareka ibitekerezo by'ibicuruzwa "byatekerejweho mbere" bigafata ibitekerezo by'abaguzi no kubaka ubumenyi binyuze mu gutangiza itangazamakuru rihuriweho na televiziyo nk'inzitizi nyamukuru.

Ariko muri iki gihe, mu itumanaho rikwirakwiza amakuru rigizwe n’abaturage benshi, itangazamakuru aho abaguzi baba ni abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, kandi mbere y’uko inzitizi z’ubumenyi bw’ikirango cyangwa ibicuruzwa zishyirwaho, guhanga ibicuruzwa byacyo bishobora kuba byarasimbuwe n’ababigana.

Icya kabiri, ikiguzi cyo kugerageza no gukora amakosa kiriyongera cyane.

Hari amahame abiri y’ubuhanga, iya mbere ni ukwihuta bihagije, naho iya kabiri ni ukuba umuhanga bihagije. Urugero, umwe mu bahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga yigeze kuvuga ati: “Niba ibitekerezo bishobora kugezwa ku isoko byoroshye, ushobora kubona vuba niba hari ikibazo kirimo, hanyuma ugakosora, ugashyira mu kaga ibicuruzwa bifite amafaranga make, kandi niba byoroshye kubireka niba bidakora.”
Ariko, mu bijyanye n’ubwiza, ibidukikije byo kwihutisha ibintu bishya ntibikibaho. “Ibisobanuro by’Isuzuma ry’Ibirego by’Ubwiza bw’Iby’Ubwiza” byashyizwe mu bikorwa umwaka ushize bisaba ko abiyandikisha mu by’ubwiza n’abatanga dosiye bagomba gusuzuma ibirego by’ubwiza bw’ubwiza bw’ubwiza bw’ubwiza mu gihe runaka, kandi bagashyiraho incamake y’ishingiro ry’ibirego by’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa.
Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bishya bisohoka igihe kirekire kandi bigahenda cyane. Amasosiyete y’ubwiza ntashobora kongera gutangiza ibicuruzwa byinshi nkuko byari bimeze mbere, kandi ntashobora gukomeza gukoresha ibicuruzwa bishya mu gushishikariza amatsinda y’abaguzi, kandi ikiguzi cyo kugerageza no gukora ibicuruzwa nacyo cyariyongereye cyane.

Icya gatatu, inyongera z’ibitekerezo ntizirambye.

Mbere y’uko hashyirwa mu bikorwa "Ingamba z’Ubuyobozi mu Kugaragaza Ibirango by’Ubuziranenge", inyongeramusaruro zari ibanga rigaragara mu nganda zikora amavuta yo kwisiga. Mu guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, intego yo kongeramo ibikoresho fatizo ni ukoroshya isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bizaza. Ntabwo ari ingirakamaro cyangwa ngo bigire uruhu rwiza, ahubwo bisaba gusa kurinda umutekano n’ituze muri formula.

Ariko ubu, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza agenga imicungire y’ibirango bivuze ko kongeramo ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga ntaho bihishe hakurikijwe amabwiriza arambuye agenga ibicuruzwa, bigasiga umwanya ku rwego rw’ubuhanzi rw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ruvuge inkuru.

Amaherezo, gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga akenshi biba bifite ishingiro.

Uretse amabwiriza, ikiruta byose, hamwe no kuringaniza amakuru yo kuri interineti, abaguzi barushijeho gushyira mu gaciro. Hamwe n'ishyaka rya KOL, hari byinshi mu bigize ibikoresho n'ibiryo bya formula byagaragaye ku isoko. Barushaho guha agaciro ubushobozi nyakuri bw'amavuta yo kwisiga kandi bakabahatira kuyakoresha. Amasosiyete yo kwisiga yubaka inzitizi zidashobora kwiganwa n'abanywanyi bayo. Urugero, amasosiyete menshi yo kwisiga ubu arimo gushaka gukorana n'abatanga ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo bateze imbere kandi batange ibikoresho fatizo byihariye, kandi bashyireho inzitizi z'ingenzi binyuze mu bikoresho byihariye.

Ubuhanga mu by'ubwiza bwamye ari inganda zishingiye cyane ku kwamamaza, ariko ubu, inganda zose zihagaze mu mpinduka: igihe cy'umuvuduko ibintu byose biri kurangira, amasosiyete y'ubwiza agomba kwiga kugabanya umuvuduko, kunyura mu nzira yo "kudakora ubunararibonye", no gukoresha umwuka w'ubukorikori. Kwiyifuza, guhagarara ku mbaraga z'ibicuruzwa, kugabanya uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, gukora ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze no guhanga udushya ku rwego rwo hasi, no gushyiraho inzitizi zigoye kwigana udushya n'amapatanti.